• Racial attitudes and social-cognitive development in early childhood were probed with standardized attitude measures and color-based tasks, revealing patterns in evaluative responses and self-concept by race [1] [8] [6] [3] [15].

• Parental involvement and home-based interventions emerged as central mechanisms influencing preschool outcomes, encompassing teacher- and parent-facing programs, history of parent education, and family engagement effects [2] [5] [18] [19] [4].

• Early daycare and preschool experiences were linked to adjustment and behavioral trajectories across settings and environments, spanning day care effects, cross-environment development, and environment-related cognitive and motor development [12] [14] [10] [11].

• Gender and sex differences shaped preschool play, space use, and social perceptions, with studies on outdoor play, play measures by age and sex, and female preschoolers’ affective/perceptual responses [7] [20] [13] [17].